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Fundamentals of Nursing · Fundamentals of Nursing Quiz

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Showing all 15 practice questions with expert explanatory rationales.

Question 1 of 15

Case excerpt

A patient develops sudden facial droop and unilateral weakness; the family gives a precise time the patient was last normal. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

Which action should the nurse take first?

A. Ask an untrained person to make the clinical decision
B. Postpone follow-up until the next shift
C. Repeat the same action without checking the patient's response
D. Activate the stroke response and communicate the last-known-well time.
E. Change the treatment without an order

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: D. Activate the stroke response and communicate the last-known-well time.

The last-known-well time is essential to time-sensitive stroke decisions.

Question 2 of 15

Case excerpt

A bedbound patient has nonblanchable redness over the sacrum. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

Which intervention best addresses the immediate concern?

A. Encourage activity that may worsen the condition
B. Discontinue monitoring
C. Give an unrelated medication
D. Offload pressure and implement an individualized pressure-injury prevention plan.
E. Skip the required safety check

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: D. Offload pressure and implement an individualized pressure-injury prevention plan.

Nonblanchable redness may indicate a stage 1 pressure injury; pressure relief is essential.

Question 3 of 15

Case excerpt

A peripheral IV site is cool, swollen, pale, and painful. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

What should the nurse do next?

A. Stop the infusion and assess for infiltration.
B. Provide advice unrelated to the clinical problem
C. Assume the finding is expected
D. Proceed without verifying the order
E. Wait for the next appointment

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: A. Stop the infusion and assess for infiltration.

These findings are consistent with infiltration and require stopping the infusion.

Question 4 of 15

Case excerpt

A patient coughs repeatedly while drinking thin liquids after a stroke. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

Which nursing action is the priority?

A. Continue the current plan without reassessment
B. Wait until the next routine round
C. Ask the patient to manage the problem independently
D. Stop oral intake and follow the swallowing-safety plan.
E. Document the finding without intervening

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: D. Stop oral intake and follow the swallowing-safety plan.

Coughing with swallowing may indicate aspiration and requires reassessment.

Question 5 of 15

Case excerpt

A urine culture is ordered for a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

What is the most appropriate nursing response?

A. Ignore the finding if the patient is alert
B. Delay escalation until symptoms worsen
C. Perform an intervention outside the prescription
D. Collect the specimen aseptically from the disinfected sampling port.
E. Reassure the patient without completing an assessment

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: D. Collect the specimen aseptically from the disinfected sampling port.

Urine from the drainage bag may be stagnant or contaminated.

Question 6 of 15

Case excerpt

A patient taking an anticoagulant reports black stools and dizziness. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

Which action should the nurse take first?

A. Repeat the same action without checking the patient's response
B. Ask an untrained person to make the clinical decision
C. Change the treatment without an order
D. Postpone follow-up until the next shift
E. Assess promptly and notify the provider about possible bleeding.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: E. Assess promptly and notify the provider about possible bleeding.

Melena and dizziness may indicate gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Question 7 of 15

Case excerpt

A patient becomes lightheaded when standing after several days of bed rest. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

Which intervention best addresses the immediate concern?

A. Skip the required safety check
B. Discontinue monitoring
C. Encourage activity that may worsen the condition
D. Assist the patient to sit or lie down and reassess.
E. Give an unrelated medication

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: D. Assist the patient to sit or lie down and reassess.

Orthostatic symptoms increase fall risk and require safe positioning.

Question 8 of 15

Case excerpt

A medication administration record conflicts with the patient's documented severe allergy. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

What should the nurse do next?

A. Provide advice unrelated to the clinical problem
B. Hold the medication and clarify the order before administration.
C. Wait for the next appointment
D. Proceed without verifying the order
E. Assume the finding is expected

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: B. Hold the medication and clarify the order before administration.

Potential allergy conflicts must be resolved before exposure.

Question 9 of 15

Case excerpt

A new colostomy stoma appears dusky and nearly black. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

Which nursing action is the priority?

A. Ask the patient to manage the problem independently
B. Wait until the next routine round
C. Document the finding without intervening
D. Report the color change promptly for urgent evaluation.
E. Continue the current plan without reassessment

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: D. Report the color change promptly for urgent evaluation.

A healthy stoma is moist and pink to red; dusky or black tissue may indicate impaired perfusion.

Question 10 of 15

Case excerpt

A patient on contact precautions needs assistance with personal care. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

What is the most appropriate nursing response (Select all that apply)?

A. Monitor for complications
B. Ignore a new warning sign
C. Change a prescription independently
D. Provide patient or caregiver teaching
E. Use the correct equipment and technique

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: A. Monitor for complications; D. Provide patient or caregiver teaching; E. Use the correct equipment and technique

Correct PPE and hand hygiene reduce transmission.

Question 11 of 15

Case excerpt

A patient with diabetes is alert, shaky, and has a glucose of 58 mg/dL. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

Which action should the nurse take first (Select all that apply)?

A. Follow the prescribed plan or facility protocol
B. Ignore a new warning sign
C. Communicate the concern to the appropriate clinician
D. Assess the patient and relevant clinical findings
E. Change a prescription independently

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: A. Follow the prescribed plan or facility protocol; C. Communicate the concern to the appropriate clinician; D. Assess the patient and relevant clinical findings

An alert patient who can swallow can usually receive oral rapid-acting carbohydrate.

Question 12 of 15

Case excerpt

A patient with a nasogastric tube has a changed external tube marking and new nausea. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

Which intervention best addresses the immediate concern (Select all that apply)?

A. Change a prescription independently
B. Ignore a new warning sign
C. Clarify an unclear order before proceeding
D. Reassess the patient's response
E. Use appropriate safety precautions

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: C. Clarify an unclear order before proceeding; D. Reassess the patient's response; E. Use appropriate safety precautions

A changed marking may indicate displacement; blind advancement is unsafe.

Question 13 of 15

Case excerpt

A patient with oxygen prescribed by nasal cannula reports increased breathlessness. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

What should the nurse do next (Select all that apply)?

A. Monitor for complications
B. Provide patient or caregiver teaching
C. Change a prescription independently
D. Ignore a new warning sign
E. Use the correct equipment and technique

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: A. Monitor for complications; B. Provide patient or caregiver teaching; E. Use the correct equipment and technique

Oxygen is a medication and should be adjusted within prescribed parameters.

Question 14 of 15

Case excerpt

A patient receiving an opioid is difficult to arouse and has slow respirations. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

Which nursing action is the priority (Select all that apply)?

A. Ignore a new warning sign
B. Follow the prescribed plan or facility protocol
C. Communicate the concern to the appropriate clinician
D. Change a prescription independently
E. Assess the patient and relevant clinical findings

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: B. Follow the prescribed plan or facility protocol; C. Communicate the concern to the appropriate clinician; E. Assess the patient and relevant clinical findings

Opioid-related respiratory depression is a medical emergency.

Question 15 of 15

Case excerpt

A patient is prescribed 1,000 mL of IV fluid over 8 hours. This item is presented in the context of fundamentals of nursing quiz.

What is the most appropriate nursing response?

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: 125

1,000 mL divided by 8 hours equals 125 mL/hr.

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